Array.prototype..of()

Array.of(...elements)

Returns: Array · Updated March 13, 2026 · Array Methods

array creation es6

Array.of() creates a new Array instance from a variable number of arguments, regardless of the number or type of arguments. Unlike the Array constructor, Array.of() does not treat a single number argument as an array length — it creates an array with that single element.

Syntax

Array.of(element0)
Array.of(element0, element1)
Array.of(element0, element1, ...elementN)

Parameters

Parameter	Type	Default	Description
`elements`	`any`	—	Any number of values to include in the new array

Examples

Basic usage

const arr = Array.of(1, 2, 3);
console.log(arr);
// [1, 2, 3]

// Single number is treated as element, not length
const single = Array.of(5);
console.log(single);
// [5]

// Works with any type
const mixed = Array.of(1, 'two', true, null);
console.log(mixed);
// [1, 'two', true, null]

Comparing Array.of() vs Array constructor

// Array.of() - treats argument as element
const withOf = Array.of(3);
console.log(withOf.length);    // 1
console.log(withOf);           // [3]

// Array() constructor - treats single number as length
const withConstructor = Array(3);
console.log(withConstructor.length);  // 3
console.log(withConstructor);         // [empty × 3]

// This is the key difference - Array.of() avoids this gotcha

Creating arrays from array-like objects

// Convert arguments object to array
function greet() {
  const args = Array.of(...arguments);
  console.log(`Hello, ${args.join(' and ')}!`);
}
greet('Alice', 'Bob', 'Carol');
// Hello, Alice and Bob and Carol!

// Ensure consistent array creation
const numbers = Array.of(...[1, 2, 3]);
console.log(numbers);
// [1, 2, 3]

Common Patterns

Array.of() is particularly useful when you need to create an array in scenarios where the Array constructor could behave unexpectedly:

Type-safe array creation: Always creates an array with the exact elements passed
Functional programming: Useful as a way to ensure values are wrapped in an array
Converting iterables: Works with spread operator to convert any iterable